International Civil Aviation Organization

A blocked pitot tube fed false airspeed to a Boeing 757 autopilot, the crew never recovered from the stall that followed, and all 189 aboard Birgenair Flight 301 died

All 189 aboard Birgenair 301 died in 1996 when a blocked pitot tube fed the 757's autopilot a false rising airspeed and it pitched the nose steadily upward off Puerto Plata; the crew, confused by conflicting warnings, pulled thrust, raised the nose further and did not respond to the stall warning.

One letter, two beacons: American Airlines Flight 965's rushed approach ends on a mountain near Cali

American Airlines Flight 965 crashed near Cali in 1995, killing 159, after a crew entry of "R" for the Rozo beacon called up a beacon near Bogota, the autopilot turned the jet off its approach course, and the crew kept descending while trying to regain the approach without knowing where they were.